Convex Indifference Curve
 The Wage Curve by David G. Blanchflower, X "The Wage Curve casts doubt on some of the most important ideas in macroeconomics, labor economics, and regional economics. According to macroeconomic orthodoxy, there is a relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of wages. According to orthodoxy in labor economics and regional economics, an area's wage is positively related to the amount of joblessness in the area. "The Wage Curve suggests that both these beliefs are incorrect.Blanchflower and Oswald argue that the stable relationship is a downward-sloping convex curve linking local unemployment and the level of pay. Their study, which is one of the most intensive in the history of social science, is based on random samples that provide computerized information on nearly four million people from sixteen countries. Throughout, the authors systematically present evidence and possible explanations for their empirical "law" of economics.
 Methods of Shape-Preserving Spline Approximation by Boris I. Kvasov, This book aims to develop algorithms of shape-preserving spline approximation for curves/surfaces with automatic choice of the tension parameters. The resulting curves/surfaces retain geometric properties of the initial data, such as positivity, monotonicity, convexity, linear and planar sections. The main tools used are generalized tension splines and B-splines. A difference method for constructing tension splines is also developed which permits one to avoid the computation of hyperbolic functions and provides other computational advantages. The algorithms of monotonizing parametrization described improve an adequate representation of the resulting shape-preserving curves/surfaces. Detailed descriptions of algorithms are given, with a strong emphasis on their computer implementation. These algorithms can be applied to solve many problems in computer-aided geometric design.
Indifference curve - An indifference curve is a graph showing combinations of goods for which a consumer is indifferent, that is, it has no preference for one combination versus another. Indifference curve are a device to represent preferences and are used in choice theory. Curve of constant width - In geometry, a curve of constant width is a convex planar shape whose width, measured by the distance between two opposite parallel Ogee - Ogee is a shape consisting of a concave arc flowing into a convex arc, so forming an S-shaped curve with vertical ends. The ogee curve is an analogue of a cyma curve, the difference being that a cyma has horizontal rather than vertical ends. Curve orientation - In mathematics, a positively oriented curve is a planar simple closed curve (that is, a curve in the plane whose starting point is also the end point and which has no other self-intersections) such that when travelling on it one always has the curve interior to the left (and consequently, the curve exterior to the right). If in the above definition one interchanges left and right, one obtains a negatively oriented curve.
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